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An Empirical Method to Investigate the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Annual Average Groundwater Recharge Intensity-a Case Study in Grand River, Michigan, USA

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Abstract

The temporal and spatial features of annual average groundwater recharge play an important role in managing groundwater resources. The digital filter technique is employed to separate baseflow from streamflow, and then the recession curve displacement method is applied to estimate the annual average monthly groundwater recharge. The streamflow data of 15 gauging stations are applied to investigate the temporal and spatial features of annual monthly average groundwater recharge in Grand River watershed, Michigan, US. The results show that (1) the annual monthly average groundwater recharge in Grand River watershed gradually drops from 40.82 cm/a in March to 10.50 cm/a in August. In period of September and February of the next year, the annual monthly average groundwater recharge steadily rises to 40.82 cm. The temperatures are the main reason that caused the significantly change of annual monthly average groundwater recharge. (2) The temporal feature of annual seasonal average groundwater recharge obey that “the annual seasonal average groundwater recharge in spring is the highest and that in summer is the lowest; the annual seasonal average groundwater recharge in winter and autumn are between that in spring and summer”. (3) In spring, summer, and autumn, the annual seasonal average groundwater recharge in upper reaches is less than that in lower reaches. While the annual seasonal average groundwater recharge in north Grand River watershed is higher than that in south, in winter. The characteristics of space distribution of annual seasonal average groundwater recharge are determined by atmospheric wet deposition, temperature, soil types, and vegetation coverage, and so on.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Sichuan Provincial Research institutes transformation of scientific and technological achievements (14010153). The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions to improve the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Cheng Du, 611130, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China

    Zhang Jing, Lan-yue Zhang, Yao Li, Shi-huai Deng, Fei Shen, Gang Yang & Chun Song

  2. College of Environmental, Sichuan Agricultural University, Cheng Du, 611130, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China

    Lan-yue Zhang, Shi-huai Deng, Yuan-wei Li & Hong Xiao

  3. College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA

    Zhang Jing

  4. Sichuan Academy of Water Conservancy Science, Cheng Du, 610072, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China

    Qin Xie

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  1. Zhang Jing
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  2. Lan-yue Zhang
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  3. Qin Xie
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  4. Yao Li
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  5. Shi-huai Deng
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  6. Fei Shen
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  7. Yuan-wei Li
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  8. Hong Xiao
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  9. Gang Yang
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  10. Chun Song
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Correspondence to Shi-huai Deng.

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Jing, Z., Zhang, Ly., Xie, Q. et al. An Empirical Method to Investigate the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Annual Average Groundwater Recharge Intensity-a Case Study in Grand River, Michigan, USA. Water Resour Manage 30, 195–206 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-015-1155-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-015-1155-z

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