Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Anodic Dissolution Behavior of the Crack Tip of X70 Pipeline Steel in Near-Neutral pH Environment

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this work, the anodic dissolution behavior of the fresh metal surface at crack tip of X70 steel in near-neutral pH environment was investigated using galvanic corrosion simulation method. The solution environment, strain, strain rate, hydrogen enrichment, and fresh metal surface at the crack tip were considered. Corrosion current of the specimen during fast stretching increased linearly with plastic strain. The increment and increase rate of the corrosion current during plastic deformation stage were dependent on the strain rate. Combining Faraday’s law and crack tip strain rate equation, the crack growth rate (CGR) induced by the anodic dissolution of the fresh metal surface was calculated. Results show that CGR caused by anodic dissolution was roughly one order lower than that measured on the compact tensile specimen under cyclic load. This finding indicated that hydrogen embrittlement may play a dominate role in stress corrosion crack propagation of pipeline steels in near-neutral pH environment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. R.N. Parkins, W. Blanchard, Jr., and B. Delanty, Transgranular Stress Corrosion Cracking of High-Pressure Pipelines in Contact with Solutions of Near Neutral pH, Corrosion, 1994, 50, p 394–408

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. J.A. Beavers, 2013 Frank Newman Speller Award Lecture: Integrity Management of Natural Gas and Petroleum Pipelines Subject to Stress Corrosion Cracking, Corrosion, 2013, 70, p 3–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. X. Tang and Y.F. Cheng, Quantitative Characterization by Micro-Electrochemical Measurements of the Synergism of Hydrogen, Stress and Dissolution on Near-Neutral pH Stress Corrosion Cracking of Pipelines, Corros. Sci., 2011, 53, p 2927–2933

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Y. Huang, F.Z. Xuan, S.T. Tu, and T. Itoh, Effects of Hydrogen and Surface Dislocation on Active Dissolution of Deformed 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel in Acid Chloride Solution, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2011, 528, p 1882–1888

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Z.Y. Cui, Z.Y. Liu, X.Z. Wang, Q. Li, C.W. Du, and X.G. Li, Crack Growth Behavior and Crack Tip Chemistry of X70 Pipeline Steel in Near-Neutral pH Environment, Corros. Eng. Sci. Technol., 2016, 51, p 352–357

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. R.N. Parkins, Current Topics in Corrosion: Factors Influencing Stress Corrosion Crack Growth Kinetics, Corrosion, 1987, 43, p 130–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. L.J. Qiao, J.L. Luo, and X.J. Mao, Hydrogen Evolution and Enrichment Around Stress Corrosion Crack Tips of Pipeline Steels in Dilute Bicarbonate Solution, Corrosion, 1998, 54, p 115–120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Z.Y. Liu, X.G. Li, and Y.F. Cheng, Effect of Strain Rate on Cathodic Reaction During Stress Corrosion Cracking of X70 Pipeline Steel in a Near-Neutral pH Solution, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2011, 20, p 1242–1246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. R.N. Parkins, Predictive Approaches to Stress Corrosion Cracking Failure, Corros. Sci., 1980, 20, p 147–166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Z.Y. Liu, X.G. Li, and Y.F. Cheng, Mechanistic Aspect of Near-Neutral pH Stress Corrosion Cracking of Pipelines Under Cathodic Polarization, Corros. Sci., 2012, 55, p 54–60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. T.R. Beck, Electrochemical Techniques for Corrosion: Symposium on Electrochemical Techniques for Corrosion at the NACE Corrosion/76 meeting held in Houston, Texas, March 22–26, 1976, NACE1977

  12. A. Alavi, C.D. Miller, and R.P. Wei, A Technique for Measuring Kinetics of Electrochemical Reactions with Bare Metal Surfaces, Corrosion, 1987, 43, p 204–207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. R.P. Wei, M. Gao, and P.Y. Xu, Peak Bare Surface Current Densities Overestimated in Straining and Scratching Electrode Experiments, J. Electrochem. Soc., 1989, 136, p 1835–1836

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. T.P. Hoar and J.R. Galvele, Anodic Behaviour of Mild Steel During Yielding in Nitrate Solutions, Corros. Sci., 1970, 10, p 211–224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. R.C. Newman and K. Sieradzki, Electrochemical Aspects of Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Sensitised Stainless Steels, Corros. Sci., 1983, 23, p 363–378

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. W. Zhao, R. Xin, Z. He, and Y. Wang, Contribution of Anodic Dissolution to the Corrosion Fatigue Crack Propagation of X80 Steel in 3.5 wt.% NaCl Solution, Corros. Sci., 2012, 63, p 387–392

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. GB-T15970, Chinese National Standard for Stress Corrosion Cracking Tests, 2007.

  18. J. Capelle, I. Dmytrakh, and G. Pluvinage, Comparative Assessment of Electrochemical Hydrogen Absorption by Pipeline Steels with Different Strength, Corros. Sci., 2010, 52, p 1554–1559

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Z.Y. Cui, Z.Y. Liu, L.W. Wang, C.W. Du, and X.G. Li, Effect of pH Value on the Crack Growth Behavior of X70 Pipeline Steel in the Dilute Bicarbonate Solutions, Mater. Trans., 2015, 56, p 777–780

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. ASTM E647, Standard test method for fatigue crack growth rates, The American Society for Testing of Materials, 2005.

  21. M. Zhu, G. Ou, H. Jin, C. Du, X. Li, and Z. Liu, Study on the Crack Propagation Behavior of X80 Pipeline Steel Under AC Application in High pH Solution, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2015, 24, p 2422–2425

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. E.M. Gutman, Mechanochemistry of Materials, Cambridge Int Science Publishing, Cambridge, 1998

    Google Scholar 

  23. L.Y. Xu and Y.F. Cheng, Corrosion of X100 Pipeline Steel Under Plastic Strain in a Neutral pH Bicarbonate Solution, Corros. Sci., 2012, 64, p 145–152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. A.R. Despic, R.G. Raicheff, and J.O.M. Bockris, Mechanism of the Acceleration of the Electrodic Dissolution of Metals During Yielding Under Stress, J. Chem. Phy., 1968, 49, p 926–938

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. W. Li, M. Cai, Y. Wang, and S. Yu, Influences of Tensile Strain and Strain Rate on the Electron Work Function of Metals and Alloys, Scripta Mater., 2006, 54, p 921–924

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Z.Y. Cui, Z.Y. Liu, L.W. Wang, H.C. Ma, C.W. Du, X.G. Li, and X. Wang, Effect of pH Value on the Electrochemical and Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of X70 Pipeline Steel in the Dilute Bicarbonate Solutions, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2015, 24, p 4400–4408

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. B.T. Lu, Crack Growth Model for Pipeline Steels Exposed to Near-Neutral pH Groundwater, Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct., 2013, 36, p 660–669

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. W. Chen and R.L. Sutherby, Crack Growth Behavior of Pipeline Steel in Near-Neutral pH Soil Environments, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2007, 38, p 1260–1268

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. F.M. Song, Predicting the Mechanisms and Crack Growth Rates of Pipelines Undergoing Stress Corrosion Cracking at High pH, Corros. Sci., 2009, 51, p 2657–2674

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. T. Shoji, Z. Lu, and H. Murakami, Formulating Stress Corrosion Cracking Growth Rates by Combination of Crack Tip Mechanics and Crack Tip Oxidation Kinetics, Corros. Sci., 2010, 52, p 769–779

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Q.J. Peng, J. Kwon, and T. Shoji, Development of a Fundamental Crack Tip Strain Rate Equation and Its Application to Quantitative Prediction of Stress Corrosion Cracking of Stainless Steels in High Temperature Oxygenated Water, J. Nucl. Mater., 2004, 324, p 52–61

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. B.T. Lu, F. Song, M. Gao, and M. Elboujdaini, Crack Growth Model for Pipelines Exposed to Concentrated Carbonate–Bicarbonate Solution with High pH, Corros. Sci., 2010, 52, p 4064–4072

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. B.T. Lu, Further Study on Crack Growth Model of Buried Pipelines Exposed to Concentrated Carbonate–Bicarbonate Solution, Eng. Fract. Mech., 2014, 131, p 296–314

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. S.F. Bubar and D.A. Vermilyea, Deformation of Anodic Oxide Films, J. Electrochem. Soc., 1966, 113, p 892–895

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to acknowledgement the financial support of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51471034, 51131001 and 51601182) and National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program Project, No. 2014CB643300).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Corrosion and Protection Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China

    Zhongyu Cui, Zhiyong Liu, Cuiwei Du & Xiaogang Li

  2. Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China

    Zhongyu Cui & Xin Wang

  3. College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Liwei Wang

Authors
  1. Zhongyu Cui
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Liwei Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zhiyong Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Cuiwei Du
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Xiaogang Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Xin Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhiyong Liu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Cui, Z., Wang, L., Liu, Z. et al. Anodic Dissolution Behavior of the Crack Tip of X70 Pipeline Steel in Near-Neutral pH Environment. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 25, 5468–5476 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-016-2394-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-016-2394-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation